| Best Practices in Water and Wastewater Treatment: Addressing and Removal Toxic Contaminants. |
| Paper ID : 1022-EFESCM2025-FULL |
| Authors |
|
Hussein Elkhwass *, Mohamed Abdelkader, Ahmed Nawara, Abdelrahman Elsaid Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, October 6 University, 6th of October City, 12585, Giza, Egypt. |
| Abstract |
| Water pollution remains a significant environmental issue, primarily due to industrialization and urbanization. The continuous release of hazardous pollutants—such as heavy metals, dyes, and pathogenic compounds—poses serious risks to public health and ecosystems. The demand for pollutant-free water has intensified concerns regarding effective treatment methods. This paper reviews recent advancements in water and wastewater treatment methodologies designed to mitigate the impact of these pollutants. Various approaches are discussed, including pretreatment, post-treatment cleaning, and physical methods like sedimentation and filtration. Chemical methods such as coagulation, flocculation, and ozonation, alongside biological treatments, are also explored. Techniques like reverse osmosis, degasification, and adsorption demonstrate significant efficacy in eliminating waterborne pollutants. Membrane separation and adsorption techniques employed to address water pollution are considered more effective than traditional methods. This review presents various approaches that exhibit significant efficacy in removing contaminants from wastewater. Additionally, the integration of innovative technologies, such as nanotechnology and smart water management systems, is examined to enhance the efficiency of existing treatment approaches. Despite these advancements, challenges persist, including technical limitations, the need for updated regulations, and the importance of public awareness in pollution control. This review identifies critical research gaps, particularly concerning emerging contaminants, and highlights the necessity for continued innovation in water treatment technologies. Addressing these challenges is vital for advancing sustainable solutions that ensure the availability of clean water for future generations. Ultimately, the findings underscore the urgency of improving wastewater treatment methodologies to effectively combat water pollution and protect both human health and environmental integrity. |
| Keywords |
| Water pollution, Toxic pollutants, Sustainability, Environmental effects, Pollution control, Emerging contaminants. |
| Status: Accepted |
